Kalau berdasarkan buku teori, ada di pelajaran Fisika mengenai rangkaian elektronika dasar. Pengertian rangkaian seri dan paralel yang benar adalah sesuai gambar ilustrasi di bawah (contoh rangkaian resistor)
Resistor yang dirangkai seri maka nilai resistansinya akan semakin besar, dirangkai paralel nilainya akan semakin kecil. Berbeda dengan kapasitor, bila dirangkai seri nilai kapasitansinya bertambah kecil, dirangkai paralel nilainya bertambah besar.
Contoh kegunaan rangkaian seri yang sering dijumpai adalah untuk mendapatkan nilai resistansi yang sesuai dengan rancangan, sementara nilai resistor yang dibutuhkan tidak tersedia/tidak dijual di pasaran atau pun dalam kasus tertentu stock komponen tidak ada. Kalau dalam hal kapasitor, yang sering dijumpai adalah kapasitor dirangkai seri untuk mendapatkan nilai kapasitor yang tegangannya lebih besar,dua buah kapasitor dengan nilai 100n 100V jika dirangkai seri menjadi 50n 200V. Dua buah Elco (kapasitor elektrolit, tegangan DC) dengan nilai 10.000 uF/50V dirangkai paralel akan menjadi 20.000uF/50V, sering digunakan pada rangkaian power supply, dipercaya bisa menambah kemampuan rangkaian audio untuk menambah suara BASS yang lebih mantab (katanya).
Pengertian seri dan paralel ini perlu diluruskan sebagai dasar, karena sangat berkaitan dengan hukum Ohm. Resistor yang dirangkai seri nilainya menjadi lebih kecil, sehingga arus yang mengalir dalam rangkaian akan menjadi lebih besar. Demikian pula misalkan 2 buah lampu LED dirangkai paralel dirangkai dengan power supply, tentu akan menyerap arus yang lebih besar, baterei akan lebih cepat habis. Sederhana saja bukan, namun banyak yang belum tahu lho :)
Empat buah lampu LED dengan sepesifikasi tegangan kerjanya 3-3.2 VDC dirangkai secara seri, bisa langsung dipasang ke power supply 12VDC tanpa menggunakan resistor.
Dalam kesempatan ini pembahasan mengenai rangkaian seri dan paralel sampai di sini dulu, semoga berguna. Selamat berkarya :)
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